(a) Radical or modified radical mastectomy.(1) Limitation of movement of shoulder and arm.(2) Permanent swelling of the arm.(3) Loss of the skin of the chest requiring skin graft.(4) Recurrence of malignancy, if present.(5) Decreased sensation or numbness of the inner aspect of the arm and chest wall.(b) Simple mastectomy.(1) Loss of skin of the chest requiring skin graft.(2) Recurrence of malignancy, if present.(3) Decreased sensation or numbness of the nipple.(c) Lumpectomy.(1) Loss of skin of the chest requiring skin graft.(2) Recurrence of malignancy, if present.(3) Decreased sensation or numbness of the nipple.(d) Open biopsy.(1) Loss of skin of the chest requiring skin graft.(2) Recurrence of malignancy, if present.(3) Decreased sensation or numbness of the nipple.